Reference
Learn ciphers and codes
Plain-English guides to how each code and cipher works, with charts, history and worked examples. Every guide links to a free translator so you can try it as you read.
Morse code
What Is Morse Code?
What is Morse code, who invented it, and how does it work? A clear, complete guide with the full alphabet, history and how to start reading it.
Morse Code Alphabet
The full Morse code alphabet from A to Z, plus numbers, in a clear chart you can read and print. Learn each letter and try it in the translator.
Morse Code Numbers
Morse code numbers 0 to 9 in a clear chart, with the simple pattern behind them. Learn the digits and try them in the free translator.
SOS in Morse Code
SOS in Morse code is three dots, three dashes, three dots. Learn what SOS really means, why it was chosen, and how to signal it by sound or light.
I Love You in Morse Code
I love you in Morse code is .. / .-.. --- ...- . / -.-- --- ..- . See each letter, hear it played, and make your own message in the translator.
How to Learn Morse Code
Learn Morse code fast with a proven, ear-first method. A simple step-by-step plan, common mistakes to avoid, and free tools to practise with.
Binary and computers
What Is Binary Code?
What is binary code and how does it work? A clear guide to ones and zeros, bits and bytes, with the alphabet and a free text-to-binary translator.
Binary Code Alphabet
The binary code alphabet from A to Z in a clear 8-bit chart. See how each letter is stored in ASCII and convert your own text for free.
Alphabets
Braille Alphabet
The braille alphabet from A to Z, plus numbers, in a clear dot chart. Learn how braille cells work and translate your own text for free.
NATO Phonetic Alphabet
The full NATO phonetic alphabet from Alfa to Zulu, with numbers, in a clear chart. Learn why it exists and spell any word with the free translator.
Pigpen Cipher Alphabet
The pigpen cipher alphabet explained with a full symbol chart. Learn the Freemason grid cipher and encode your own secret messages for free.
Ciphers and cryptography
What Is a Cipher?
What is a cipher? A clear definition, how ciphers differ from codes, and the main types from Caesar to Vigenere, with free translators to try each one.
The Caesar Cipher Explained
The Caesar cipher explained simply: how the shift works, how to encode and decode it, and how it is broken. With worked examples and a free decoder.
The Vigenere Cipher Explained
The Vigenere cipher explained: how the keyword shifts letters, why it was called unbreakable, and how it was cracked. With examples and a free tool.
The Zodiac Killer Ciphers
The Zodiac Killer ciphers explained: what they were, which were solved, and the substitution methods behind them. Learn the cryptography, try similar ciphers.